From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charted timeline of Solar System exploration, as of December 2014
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch.
It includes:
All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes .
A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.[vague ]
It does not include:
Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation.
The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on).
Probes that failed at launch.
The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later—in some cases, a considerable time later (for example, Voyager 2 , launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).
Sputnik 1 – First Earth orbiter
Vostok 1 – First crewed Earth orbiter
Mariner 2 – First successful Venus flyby
Mariner 4 – First successful Mars flyby
Luna 9 – First successful lunar lander
Zond 5 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon
Apollo 8 – First crewed lunar orbiter
Apollo 11 – First crewed lunar landing
Mars 3 – First Mars lander
Pioneer 10 – First Jupiter flyby
Mariner 10 – First Mercury flyby
Voyager 2 – First Uranus/first Neptune flyby
Giotto – Comet Halley flyby
Galileo – Mission to Jupiter
Mars Pathfinder – Mars lander and the first successful Mars rover , Sojourner
Cassini–Huygens – First Saturn orbiter and first Titan lander
Mars Express /Beagle 2 – First planetary mission by the ESA
MESSENGER – First Mercury orbiter
Chandrayaan-1 – Water Around Fresh Moon Crater
Mars Science Laboratory – Mars lander and large rover
Mangalyaan – First Indian Mars orbiter
Trace Gas Orbiter – ESA/Roscosmos Mars orbiter
NASA's Perseverance rover
Planned or scheduled [ edit ]
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^ "Vanguard 1" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2019 .
^ "Luna 1" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019 .
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^ "Venera 1" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2019 .
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^ "Mars 1" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2019 .
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^ "Luna 4" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2019 .
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^ "Ranger 7" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019 .
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^ "Ranger 9" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019 .
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^ "Explorer 33" . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2019 .
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Exploration of Artificial objects
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